Legal Week 4 Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Legal Week 4 Discussion - Assignment Example Peer review can indeed be said to be an effective program within the health sector in achieving quality health care. This is because through peer review, there is a professional back up of the actual health care service that is delivered to service users (World Health Organization, 2011). This is to say that peer review makes it possible for there to be validity of professional medical outcomes, whereby the decisions and actions of medical staff members are subject to third party scrutiny to ensure that all forms of lapses are identified and corrected. In such a situation, the patient or service user becomes the eventual benefactor, getting an assurance that there is always a back up for guaranteed health care. Peer review can also be said to be very effective in promoting peer learning. What this means is that through various peer review methods, professional medical staff are able to learn from their colleagues and peers through the corrections and critique they pass on them. Meanwhile, within the professional medical practice, continuous learning has been noted to be an important process that ensures that service providers are always equipped with the latest service standards to use in rendering quality service (Bond and Bond, 2004). Meanwhile when the service provider is guaranteed to be of high quality, this can be translated into the quality of care (World Health Organization,

English sparkling wine - branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English sparkling wine - branding - Essay Example This is a product whose value is augmented by the long periods of standing and fermentation. At the same time, the price is apt enough to stand along the Champagnes using the price advantage. This is creating a brand value for the product. These wines are thus, more affordable and the increased rate of consumption is thus, justified. This growth is also reflected in the returns, which have seen more than 50 percent hike in the last 5 years (Skelton, 2008). The products from English Sparkling wine have won appreciation and awards from many Wine luminaries. These have been on the wine reward and recognition radar from even the ‘90s. The brands received awards such as International Wine and Spirits Awards, Decanter World Wine Awards, Del Mondo World Sparkling Wine Championships and so on (Skelton, 2009). The rewards have thus acknowledged the brand and dealt with the promotion aspect. The health implications of alcoholic drinks such as Champagne, are making the customers switch to safer options. This has also contributed to the promotion of the English Sparkling Wine. This has also influenced the wine choices of the 25-34 year age groups, who form the largest segment of wine patrons (Bainbridge, 2012). The English Sparkling Wine brewers are trying to create a label for themselves (‘Britagne’ is one such suggestion), so that they can be differentiated from the other popular sparkling wine brands. Export promotion is also on their anvil to ensure the viability of the brand (Brown,

Orwells Animal Farm Genre Untangled English Literature Essay

Orwells Animal Farm Genre Untangled English Literature Essay Out of George Orwells repertoire many of his works can be described as somewhat ambiguous in terms of genre. For instance, Down and Out in Paris and London is a recount of his personal experiences flavoured with fictional elements, a semi-autobiography, but it is written in the objective voice of a report, article or documentary with additional sociographic speculations. Many of his essays linger on the boundaries of the short story, as well. Animal Farm is no exception of this Orwellian tendency to fuse different genres. It is often labelled as a dystopian allegorical novella or satire, but has been called a fable in the Aesopian tradition as well. In the present paper I will analyse Orwells work from the viewpoint of all these genres separately keeping in mind of course, that the genres themselves overlap each other in some characteristics and examine how Animal Farm functions as a dystopia, a satire and a fable. While Animal Farm fits some of these characteristics it also lacks in others. It certainly portrays oppression in the form of a totalitarian centralized power, however, in contrast with some well known works strongly associated with the genre including Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four as well it describes the process of how the utopian dream develops into the dystopian nightmare. Considering displacement it is not really in line with the dystopian trait either. It is for certain that the story takes place somewhere in the English countryside, we are even given the name of Willingdon and The Red Lion, an existing village and pub in East Sussex. Otherwise there is no special importance in the geographical location of the Farm, suggesting that it is not important where it takes place, and consequently, that it could happen anywhere. As for temporal coordinates they are even less specified or notable; the story is not tied to, and thus not untied from any particular date or era. The story could have taken place yesterday just as well as a hundred years ago or in the distant future; it is not dissociated or displaced from either Orwells or todays readers time. (Of course depending on the interpretation of the story, it does allude to the Stalinist regime and the Russian revolution but only externally as its mere allegory not internally to the novellas fictional universe.) However, it could be argued that there is some kind of displacement, not in spatial or temporal terms but in the very nature of the story as a fantastic beast fable or fairy story as Orwell called it. Its characters of talking animals who read and write and manage a farm on their own is surely not a picture of our everyday life. The feature Animal Farm most clearly adopts from the dystopian genre is the intention of warning. It warns of the danger of communist dictatorship and raises the attention as well of the existing conditions present at the time in the Soviet Union; or in a more general interpr etation the corrupting effect of power when exercised by anybody  [1]  . However, the element of warning or at least criticism of human vices or follies with the intention of improvement  [2]  is also representative of the satire. Although it is usually meant to be funny, its purpose is not just humor for its own sake but an attack on something the satirist strongly disapproves of and to persuade the reader (or viewer depending on the medium) to strive for a solution to the problem presented, using the weapon of wit, irony, and caricature.  [3]   In Animal Farm the satirical irony emerges from Orwells style of narration and his use of the animal allegory. The narrative style he employs is characterized by simple language and light, objective even impersonal voice with the limited point of view of the enslaved animals. The plain language on the one hand is to reflect the naÃÆ' ¯ve perception of the animals  [4]  , on the other this terse phrasing is set in ironic juxtaposition[to] the crassly elitist, manipulative, unintelligible, and circumlocutory discourse of the pigs, through which the fictitious passes off as factitious.  [5]  Samir Elbarbary in his essay Language as Theme in Animal Farm even argues that the conscious derangement of language, and linguistic superiority which sustain the assumption of power, is one of the novellas fundamental thematic concerns. Language and how language can influence or even determine the way people think is often a recurring theme in Orwells works, for example the idea of Newsp eak in Nineteen Eighty-Four, and he even addresses the problem directly in essays, such as Politics And The English Language, in which he attests for simple uncomplicated language in scholarly and especially in political contexts. According to Elbarbary, in Animal Farm the revolution is, in a sense a language-focused enterprise, a product of specifically aggressive linguistic energy, and language  [6]  , which can efficiently control reality, is the source of the tragic outcome rather than its mere reflection. Those animals who have an underdeveloped language, are compleatly overpowered by the linguistic skill of the pigs; their ensnarement is less a matter substance than of generic linguistic impotence and deficient semantic memory.  [7]   Even thought the point of view of the narrator is limited (or at least it is more distant from the feelings or thoughts of the pigs than that of the other animals), the narration still implies more to the reader than the animals themselves are aware of. We understand the difference between the truth of a situation and what the characters know about it, while the characters remain ignorant of the discrepancy, which creates dramatic irony. For example when Squealer explains that the van in which Boxer was taken to the hospital formerly belonged to a horse slaughterer and that the veterinarian who now uses it did not have the time to paint over the horse slaughterers sign on its side, the narrator says: The animals were enormously relieved to hear this.  [8]  The reader however, can assume the truth right when the van appeared to carry the horse away. Another level of satire is in the characterization. Orwell attributes easily recognisable human traits to animals, which remain absolute, that is they are character types rather than fully developed characters, without the ability to grow or change, the animals shall stay both animal and human. It removes the possibility of very complex characterization.  [9]  In the light of the parallel that can be drawn between the story and the Russian revolution, some characters are clear caricatures of exact historical figures (like Napoleon-Stalin, Snowball-Lenin) others of specific social groups or classes or even tools used to uphold dictatorship (e.g. Boxer-working class, Squealer-propaganda), creating a grotesque mirror image not just of the events but the figures involved in it, enhancing the validity of the satirical parallel. The third genre considered here is the already mentioned beast fable. It is usually a brief tale that conveys a moral lesson, usually by giving human speech and manners to animals. It is a very old form of story related to folklore and proverbs, the fables in Europe descends from tales attributed to Aesop, a Greek slave in the 6th century BCE. The French fabulist La Fontaine revived the form in the 17th century with his witty verse adaptations of Greek fables.  [10]  The form can be associated with the satire as well as the beast fable is also used as a culturally universal satirical technique. It is basically the dramatic realization of a metaphor and satirists have always found this translation of metaphor to dramatic fact an extremely effective way of portraying the true nature of vice and folly. As far as characters, style and language (its simplicity thus serving double causes) Animal Farm fits the criteria of the genre. According to Christopher Hollis the writer of the beast fable must throughout be successful in preserving a delicate and whimsical balance due to the overall absurdity of animals behaving and talking like humans and discussing complicated intellectual problems. He argues that Orwell is able to maintain this balance by avoiding any unnecessary explanation of the fantastic elements of the story in an otherwise realistic setting.  [11]   However if we take into account its length it is considerably longer than the traditional fable. In addition, some point out that its moral lesson is questionable or nonexistent as it is impossible to attach a moral to any familiar sense to Animal Farm, where wickedness ends in triumph and virtue is utterly crushed.  [12]  I do agree that there is no lesson to be learned in the fashion of for example The Tortoise and the Hare, however I believe that there are moral undertones embedded in the overall message of the novella, like power corrupts; it is a moral lesson without answers, or a moral tragedy of humankind. In conclusion, Orwells Animal Farm seems to function best as a satire but he consciously incorporated techniques and elements of other literary forms, most elaborately of the beast fable, to use it as his satirical vehicle. As for the dystopia genre it seems to be a little farfetched to attach the term to Orwells novella, it is more like a loud hee-haw at all who yearn for Utopia.  [13]  

From The Mountains of California To The Hills of Kentucky :: Short Story Moving Traveling Essays

From The Mountains of California To The Hills of Kentucky Jose used to live in Los Angeles California. He lived there for the first ten years of his life. Los Angeles was all Jose ever knew. He had many friends and he loved everything about the state he lived in. When Jose was ten his family decided to move to Florence, Kentucky. Jose had to leave everything in Los Angeles and start a new life in Florence. Kentucky is different from California in many ways. There are less Hispanics in Kentucky than in California. Hardly anyone speaks Spanish in Kentucky and in California almost everyone speaks Spanish. Speaking Spanish in a store causes everyone to turn around and looks. In California if you where to go into a store and speak Spanish nobody would care. In Kentucky there are hardly any attractions. In California, there are many of attractions and the weather is mostly sunny and warm. In Kentucky the weather is only nice for the summer and then it gets cold. There are no beaches, and Mexico is not as close as it is in California, that is the worst thing. How did Jose and his family end up in Kentucky? It all started like this. His uncle’s job decided to move away. His uncle’s company gave their employee’s a choice either to stay and have no job or to move with the company. Unfortunately, he chose to move away. His uncle didn’t think the company made a fair choice, but that was the way they did it. His uncle told the whole family about this and another of Jose’s uncle’s said his family and he would also move with him to Kentucky since he was out of a job. When Jose heard about this, he became afraid of not seeing his uncles, aunts, or my cousins anymore. He told his cousins to tell him all about Kentucky and to call and write him as much as possible. When his aunts and uncles moved away, they still kept in touch with letters and telephone calls, but it was not the same. Christmas came, Jose’s aunts decided to buy two airplane tickets for his sisters to go to Kentucky. Jose got mad at his aunts for not buying him a ticket and said that he would never talk to them again but then he thought about it and thought it would be cool not to have any of his sisters around, everything would be for him and his sisters would not bug him for two weeks.

History of Translation Short

HISTORY OF TRANSL. : †¢ St. Jerome-bible into latin †¢ 14/ 15 century: Chrystus z martwych wstal jest Psalterz florianski/ krol. Jadwigi- in 3 lang. Zoltarz dawidow- W. Wrobel, clumsy, latin syntax Only religious txts †¢ 16 cent. : first secular lit. Development of pl lang New testament by St. Murzynowski 1st full tr. of bible by Jan Wojek[you can borrow some things from previous tr. if are good] Leonard z Bonczy†historyja Aleksandra Wlk. .. Biernat z lbn „Raj duszny†, Ezop’s fables Jan z Koszczek „Rozmowy kt mial krol Salomon.. † †¢ 17 cent.Lukasz Gornicki „Dworzanin polski† Sep Sarzynski-paraphrasing songs Jan Kochanowski „Psalterz Dawidow† Andrzej Kochanowski- Wirgiliusz, Eneida †¢ Baroque: nothing important †¢ Enlightened: Developng of tr. Free tr. Polonisations Intermediere tr. Beginnning of tr. tech. Translator as a canon builder Bohomolec-tr. demand more work than original St. Kostka Pot ocki-prawdziwa sztuka to przekladanie, nie tr. Fr. Ks. Dmochowski- Homer, Milton W. Boguslawski â€Å"Hamlet† Adam Mickiewicz â€Å"Giaur† G. Byron Leon Borowski- rules of faithfull tr. J.Slowacki- â€Å"Ksiaze niezlomny† v. vague, far from orig. †¢ 19 cent. J. Paszkowski, St. Kozmian, L. Urlich- Shakespeare C. K. Norwid „Dante Comedies†- v. much of his style †¢ Positivism- Victorian lit. †¢ Fin de siecle Openess for tr. Zenon Przesmycki –Poe’s poetry Leopold Staff- versatile tr. Boleslaw Lesmian-Poe’s tales T. Boy Zelenski- Balzac, Proust †¢ 20 cent. Julian Tuwim- russian poetry Czeslaw Milosz- â€Å"The waist land† T. S. Elliot †¢ after war period publishing with cuts censorship authors tr works bec they couldn’t publish their own lit. M. Dabrowska] †¢ ‘50 tr. th: O. Lukasiewicz, R. Ingarden, Z. Klemensiewicz; †¢ ‘70 magic realism polemics, criticizm M. Slomczynskiâ⠂¬ Alice†¦ †, Shakespeare †¢ after 1989 trends in tr. St. Baranczak ENGLAND: King Alfred Aelfric G. Chaucer-fr. Works William Caxton- fr. txt William Tyndale- Bible, wide spectrum of styles, specific structure and rythm FRANCE: Charles V- infavour of tr. Jacque Amyat- the prince of tr. , rewival of tr. , making txt beautiful; Nicolas d’Abencourt- belle infidele Pierre le Tournier- Biblie

Economics Effects of Monopoly.Docx Uploaded Successfully

Economics effects of monopoly. In pure monopoly, a monopolist will charge a higher price compared to the firms in purely competitive industry. They also sell a smaller level of output than the firms that involve in pure competition. Compared to pure competition, monopoly is inefficient in both productive and allocative efficiency. In purely competitive industry, the entry and exit of the firms will ensure that the P = MC + min. ATC. However, for pure monopoly industry there is no entry and exit of firms as it is conquer by only one party.The marginal revenue (MR) curve lies below the demand and the produces output where MR = MC, so, the price exceeds the marginal costs (MC) and also exceeds the lowest average total cost (ATC). Pure Competition Pure Monopoly Price Price Quantity Quantity Pc D D Qc S = MC Pc MC Qc MR Qm Pm P = MC = min. ATC MR = MC Figure [ 1 ]: Comparison of pure competition and pure monopoly. Looking at the chosen firm which is TNB, as In pure monopoly, there is an e fficiency loss which is called dead weight loss (also known as excess burden and allocative efficiency).This situation occurs because the sum of consumer surplus + producer surplus is less than the maximum. In other words, this situation occurs either because of the people who have more marginal benefit than marginal cost are not buying the product, or those who have more marginal cost than marginal benefit are buying the product. Income transfer Monopoly wills increases income inequality because the profits are not equally distributed. Monopoly will cause the transfer of income from consumers to the stockholders who own monopoly.This can be seen through levy of â€Å"private tax† on consumers. The owners will gain benefit at the expense of consumers. Cost complications In pure monopoly, the costs may vary because of four factors: 1. Economies of scale According to www. bized. co. uk , economies of scale is the advantages of large scale production that result in lower unit (a verage) costs (cost per unit). Some firms reach large economies of scale because of specialized input, the spreading of product developing costs, simultaneous consumption and network effects.Simultaneous consumption is the ability of product to satisfy a big numbers of consumers at the same time and network effects are increase of value of product to each consumer. 2. X-Inefficiency X-Ineffiency is when the firms produce level of output that is higher than the lowest ATC. X-Inefficiency occurs due to poor management decisions, principal agent problem, poor worker motivation or ineffective supervision as the results of reliance on â€Å"rules of thumb† instead of real costs or revenue decision. Figure [ 2 ]: X-Inefficiency 3. Rent seeking expenditures